Neem Oil
Neem Oil Benefits & Features
- The neem tree is the holy tree of the Hindus and is considered a significant component in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine. Its leaves, bark, seeds and roots contain various pharmacologically active constituents, including antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antibacterial & antifungal effects. (Anton C. de Groot, 2016)
- Neem Essential Oil (Margosa oil) is obtained by hydrodistillation of the seeds. It is not used in aromatherapy. There is very little information in the literature on neem essential oil. All studies on Neem Oils concern the seeds’ fixed (vegetable) oil. Which is obtained by either cold pressing or extraction with various solvents. (Anton C. de Groot, 2016)
- Neem oil is a skincare ingredient, fertiliser, insect repellent and pesticide. (Muhammad Jahangir Latif, 2020)
- The three products, namely nimbinin, nimbidin and nimbin, were reported first from neem oil. (Muhammad Jahangir Latif, 2020)
- Four important fatty acids are present in neem oil, of which two are saturated, such as stearic and palmitic acid. A monounsaturated acid is an oleic acid, and a polyunsaturated fatty acid is a linoleic acid. (Muhammad Jahangir Latif, 2020)
- Neem Oil provides many benefits to scalp conditions, including dandruff, psoriasis, scaling, and hair loss. (Yogesh S Kolekar, 2021)
- It helps control ticks, fleas, and lice. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiseptic, and healing properties. (PATIL, 2023)
- With anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiseptic, and healing properties, it treats several skin illnesses, such as acne, psoriasis, and eczema and skin ageing signs, such as wrinkles, thickness, and redness. (Sagar N. Ande, 2022)
- It is considered a convenient and effective plant-derived oil for wound healing. (Maria Letizia Manca, 2021)
- The significant constituents are triterpenes known as limonoids, the most important being azadirachtin, which appears to cause 90% of the effect on most pests. (Estefânia V. R. Campos J. L., 2016)
- As an insecticide, neem oil can be personal protection against mosquito bites. (Sharma SK, 1995)
Neem Oil
Neem Oil Info:
INCI: Azadirachta indica seed extract (Anton C. de Groot, 2016).
Also known as Neem Oil, Margosa oil (Anton C. de Groot, 2016).
Synonyms: Melia Azadirachta L (Anton C. de Groot, 2016).
CAS Number: 84696-25-3
Family: Meliaceae (Anton C. de Groot, 2016).
CosIng Information:
All Function: skin conditioning
Description: Azadirachta indica seed extract is an extract of the seeds of Azadirachta indica, Meliaceae (Anton C. de Groot, 2016).
Aroma: An oily, woody and dusty, slightly animalic odour (Anton C. de Groot, 2016).
Colour: Light brownish clear mobile liquid (Anton C. de Groot, 2016).
History of Neem Oil
Neem is a fast-growing evergreen tree from the mahogany family Meliaceae that can reach a height of 15-20 meters. The tree is indigenous to the dry forests of south and southeast Asia. It is widely distributed in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Iran. But neem is believed to be native to Northeast India, Myanmar & Bangladesh.
The neem tree is the holy tree of the Hindus and is considered a significant component in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine. The leaves, bark, seeds and roots of neem contain various pharmacologically active constituents, which may possess antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antibacterial & antifungal effects.
The bitter seed oil (vegetable, fixed oil) has a solid (garlic-like) odour. It is used to treat skin diseases such as eczema and furuncles and to relieve intestinal worm infections.
Neem Essential Oil (Margosa oil) is obtained by hydrodistillation of the seeds. There is very little information in the literature on neem essential oil; virtually all studies on ‘neem oil’ pertain to the fixed oil of the seeds, which may be obtained by either cold pressing or extraction with various solvents or to essential oils from the leaves or flowers of the neem tree. The essential oil is not used in aromatherapy (Anton C. de Groot, 2016).
Neem oil acts as a skincare ingredient, fertiliser, insect repellent and pesticide. In cosmetics such as nail polish, pure neem oil is used. In south-Asia, a vast amount of neem oil is available and is non-edible. Traditionally, neem oil has been used for lighting purposes, such as fuel in lamps in rural areas. Neem oil is also used on an industrial scale to prepare cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, soaps and other non-edible products. (Muhammad Jahangir Latif, 2020)
Our Product with Neem Oil
Neem oil contains many therapeutic constituents that can effectively manage Skin & Hair care treatments. This Oil is recognized to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory characteristics and the capacity to strengthen the immune system.
Keya Seth Aromatherapy launches a range of neem oil-based products. They effectively reduce skin and hair concern problems and make your skin and hair healthy. Names of the products are….
Neem Oil Research Findings
Chemical Compounds in Neem Oil:
Various biologically active compounds have been found in neem, which is diverse chemically and contains a lot of therapeutic activities. The isolation of three products, namely nimbinin, nimbidin and nimbin, was reported first from neem oil. (Muhammad Jahangir Latif, 2020)
Four important fatty acids are present in neem oil, of which two are saturated, such as stearic and palmitic acid. A monounsaturated acid is known as oleic acid, and a polyunsaturated fatty acid is a linoleic acid. (Muhammad Jahangir Latif, 2020)
A simple bitter ingredient called “Nimbidin” is extracted from the oil of seed kernels of Azadirachta indica. Other important tetranortriterpenes have been isolated by following the same principle: nimbinin, nimbidic acid, nimbin and nimbolide. (Muhammad Jahangir Latif, 2020)
Neem Oil Benefits for Skin:
The human body’s skin is one of its most important defensive organs. It performs various functions, including protection, percutaneous absorption & secretory and sensory functions. Dryness, ageing, eczema, acne, pimples, dullness, wrinkles, unpleasant spots, and other issues impact the skin. Environmental factors, such as dust, heavy metal, particulate matter, UV radiation, and others, contribute to skin issues. This sort of skin illness is treated using skin care products. These items include a variety of chemical poisons. Seeds, bark, leaves, berries, roots, rhizomes, seeds, stems, fruits, and flowers are all used to extract essential oils. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, emollient, anti-seborrheic, anti-keratolytic, and antibacterial characteristics are found in the essential oils. Each essential oil contains active compounds that have substantial skin-care cosmetic benefits. The components in the herbs have no adverse effects on the skin of the human body but rather provide essential nutrients to the skin. (Sagar N. Ande, 2022)
The fruits and seeds of the neem tree Azadirachta indica are used to make neem oil. Neem oil includes a variety of fatty acids and antioxidants, which are helpful for the skin. The fatty acids palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acids in neem essential oil promote healthy, supple skin. As a result, it is a widely used component in skin care products. According to research, neem oil has medical applications in treating several skin illnesses, such as acne, psoriasis, and eczema, as it has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiseptic, and healing properties. It also possesses anti-ageing properties and aids in treating skin ageing signs such as wrinkles, thickness, and redness. (Sagar N. Ande, 2022)
Regenerative properties of Neem Oil are mainly connected with fatty acid content (e.g., oleic, palmitic and stearic acids) and antioxidant potential. It is considered a convenient and effective plant-derived oil for wound healing. According to a study, topical use of neem oil has shown some effectiveness in treating chronic non-healing wounds. (Maria Letizia Manca, 2021)
Neem Oil Benefits of Face:
Neem oil has been used in skin care since ancient times in popular medicine. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic effects. It is also rich in secondary metabolites such as glycerides, fatty acids, sulfur-containing compounds and flavonoids. This oil may neutralise free radicals and reactive oxygen species and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory agents involved in the inflammatory process. In traditional Indian medicine, it is used for its moisturising, antiaging and regenerative properties (Maria Letizia Manca, 2021)
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder with complicated aetiology (set of causes). Papules, pustules, comedone, blackheads, and other skin lesions are common physical manifestations of Acne vulgaris. Natural oils are being utilised increasingly to treat skin conditions since they have fewer adverse effects and are expected to provide benefits. Neem oil has anti-acne benefits. (Adeola Tawakalitu Kola-Mustapha, 2023)
Neem Oil is recognised to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory characteristics and the capacity to strengthen the immune system]. This offers a helpful justification for the potential topical management of acne and helps to stop lesions from returning, leaving the skin healthy. (Adeola Tawakalitu Kola-Mustapha, 2023)
Natural Oils have natural therapeutic capabilities that can lessen the signs of acne and possibly prevent future breakouts. Neem oil is one of these oils, and it has been used for many years to treat skin issues, including acne. A Study said that neem oil could not only manage acne but also prevent the possibility of melanoma. (Adeola Tawakalitu Kola-Mustapha, 2023)
Neem Oil Benefits on Hair:
Hair and scalp disorders are common among individuals. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for natural products globally, especially for hair grooming and treating hair disorders. These naturally occurring products are accessible and affordable, perceived to be less toxic and contribute to wellness in an individual. These therapies include the use of herbs, the bark of trees, fruits, and oils, which can be administered topically. (Nkechi Anne Enechukwu, 2022)
Neem or Azadirachta indica or also known as Indian lilac. Neem Oil provides many benefits. Problem scalp conditions, including dandruff and psoriasis, scaling and even hair loss, respond to treatment with Neem shampoo, conditioners, creams, and tinctures. (Yogesh S Kolekar, 2021) Neem oil is also used in product formulations that help control ticks, fleas, and lice. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiseptic, and healing properties. It also gives the best results for dandruff and hair loss. (PATIL, 2023)
Damaged and overly oily hair appears greasy and sticky-free when treated regularly with this unique plant. (Yogesh S Kolekar, 2021)
Neem Oil for Dandruff:
Dandruff is a condition of the scalp accompanied by abnormal flaking of the scalp skin. About 17-50% of the human population suffers from dandruff. It may occur when the scalp overproduces new cells. An enhanced epidermal proliferation rate causes an accelerated cell movement to the outer skin. In this case, the adhesion between different cells cannot be resolved entirely, and scales appear. Sometimes the overproduction of sebum is associated with this process. The Skin sebum & the oil-soaked scales help to birth micro-organisms. Bacteria & fungi are found in the stratum corneum and hair follicles. It is contagious or severe. But it can be embarrassing and difficult to treat.
Neem’s chemical constituents contain tetranor terpenoid lactones azadirachtin, nimbidin, salanin, and nimbolin-B. Neem oil additionally incorporates nimbolides, oli chinolide-B, and azadiradione. It is commonly used to treat dandruff because it produces antifungal, antibacterial, and ache-relieving compounds that treat and ruff. (Anju Goyal, 2022)
Neem Oil as Insecticide/ Pesticide:
'Pesticide' is the general term for a chemical that kills pests. Pests can be weeds, insects, nuisance rodents, diseases, etc. An insecticide is a type of pesticide. Insecticides kill insects.
Neem Oil is an essential source of phytochemicals for human health and pest control. This oil contains at least 100 biologically active compounds. Among them, the major constituents are triterpenes known as limonoids, the most important being azadirachtin, which appears to cause 90% of the effect on most pests. Neem Oil is one of the least toxic to humans and shows very low toxicity to beneficial organisms, so it is very promising for controlling many pests. Oil has a broad spectrum of action, inhibiting feeding, deregulating growth, altering development and reproduction, suppressing fertility, and disrupting moulting. (Estefânia V. R. Campos J. L., 2016)
Research shows that two per cent neem oil mixed in coconut oil, when applied to the exposed body parts of human volunteers, provided complete protection for 12 h from the bites of all anopheline mosquito species. The application of neem oil is safe and can be used for protection from malaria in endemic countries. (Sharma VP, 1993)
Another research shows that 2% neem and coconut oil provided 96-100% protection from anopheline mosquitos. Therefore, neem oil can be a personal protection against mosquito bites. (Sharma SK, 1995)
Neem Oil Cold pressed:
There are several methods to obtain neem oil from the seeds mechanical pressing, supercritical fluid extraction and solvent extraction. The most widely used method to extract neem oil from neem seed is mechanical extraction, but the oil produced by this method has a low price since it is turbid and contains a significant amount of water and metal content. Extraction by supercritical fluid produces an oil with high purity, but the operating and investment cost is high. Compared to the above two methods, solvent extraction has many advantages, like it gives a higher yield and less turbid oil and has a low operating cost. (Rita Awasthi, 2019)
Neem Essential Oil (Margosa oil) is obtained by hydrodistillation of the seeds. There is very little information in the literature on neem essential oil; virtually all studies on ‘neem oil’ pertain to the fixed oil of the seeds, which may be obtained by either cold pressing or extraction with various solvents or to essential oils from the leaves or flowers of the neem tree. The essential oil is not used in aromatherapy(Anton C. de Groot, 2016).
Uses of Neem Oil:
The bitter seed oil (vegetable, fixed oil) has a solid (garlic-like) odour. It is used to treat skin diseases such as eczema and furuncles and to relieve intestinal worm infections.
The fatty oil is also used as lamp oil and to make soap. The seed oil also effectively works as an insecticide and repellent (Anton C. de Groot, 2016).
Moreover, Neem oil is severally used in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceuticals fields.
Precautions:
It is a potent oil. However, it is better to do a small patch test before use. Dilute a couple of drops with water or liquid soap. If feeling any irritation or itchiness, wash it off.
Research said that only three patients have contact allergies to the therapeutic use of neem oil, two from pure or diluted oils and one from using an antipsoriatic herbal preparation containing neem oil. (Anton C. de Groot, 2016).
Frequently Asked Questions:
- Is neem oil good for hair?
A. Yes, neem oil is good for hair. It provides many benefits, including scalp conditions, dandruff and psoriasis, scaling and even hair loss.
2. Is neem oil good for the skin?
Yes, it is perfect for the skin, also. It treats several skin illnesses, such as acne, psoriasis, and eczema, as it has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiseptic, and healing properties. It also possesses anti-ageing properties and aids in treating skin ageing signs such as wrinkles, thickness, and redness.
3. Is neem oil good for dandruff?
Yes, neem oil is excellent for dandruff. It produces antifungal, antibacterial, and ache-relieving compounds that treat and ruff dandruff.
4. Is neem oil safe for humans?
Yes, neem oil is safe for humans. (N. Chinnasamy, 1993)
5. Is neem oil good for lice?
Traditionally, neem oil has been used by people, especially women in South Asia, to repel/kill head lice. Infestation with human head lice was prevented and controlled by lightly wetting the scalp with a diluted perfumed spray containing neem oil (1:10). No allergic effects were observed, and the products effectively removed the infestation. (Muhammed Majeed, 2007)
6. Is neem oil good for the face?
Neem oil has been used in skin care since ancient times in popular medicine. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic effects. It is also rich in secondary metabolites such as glycerides, fatty acids, sulfur-containing compounds and flavonoids. This oil may neutralise free radicals and reactive oxygen species and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory agents involved in the inflammatory process. In traditional Indian medicine, it is used for its moisturising, antiaging and regenerative properties. (Maria Letizia Manca, 2021)
It is recognised to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory characteristics, which is helpful for the topical management of acne and helps to stop lesions from returning, leaving the skin healthy. (Adeola Tawakalitu Kola-Mustapha, 2023)
So, it is suitable for the face also.
7. Can neem oil kill aphids?
Neem-derived insecticides can be effectively integrated with biological control for aphid management. (Heidi Kraiss, 2008)
8. Can neem oil regrow hair?
Neem oil helps to regrow hair.
9. Why does neem oil kill bugs?
Neem oil is made of many components. Azadirachtin is the most active. It reduces insect feeding and acts as a repellent. It also interferes with insect hormone systems, making it harder for insects to grow and lay eggs.
10. Why does neem oil smell so bad?
Neem oil is a vegetable oil obtained from the seed kernels of the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), an evergreen of the tropics and sub-tropics. It is a deep yellow colour and has a garlic–like odour.
The carrier oil can also subdue the odour of neem oil, or you can add a few drops of other oils like lavender to improve the smell.
Some companies deodorise this oil to eliminate the smell, but the strength and benefits are lost.
The original aroma of Neem oil is unpleasant to some but loved by those who have experienced its healing and protective powers.
11. Why does neem oil kill bugs?
Neem is a naturally occurring pesticide. Neem oil can be used for specific insect and fungal disease issues. It kills insects by suffocation.
12. Why neem oil for plants?
Neem oil is an ideal natural pesticide and fungicide. It's a natural solution used on indoor and outdoor plants to eliminate garden pests.
References:
- J. Concha, C. S. (2006, September 01). Effect of rosehip extraction process on oil and defatted meal physicochemical properties. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-006-5013-2
- Inés Mármol, C. S.-d.-D.-M.-A.-Y. (2017 , May , 25 ). Therapeutic Applications of Rose Hips from Different Rosa Species. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061137
- Ilyasoglu, H. (2014). Characterization of Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) Seed and Seed Oil. International Journal of Food Properties, 17(7), 1591-1598. Retrieved 1 27, 2023, from https://tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10942912.2013.777075
- Tzu-Kai Lin, L. Z. (2017, December 27). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010070
- Ilyasoğlu, H. (2014, march 24). doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2013.777075
- Cosima Chrubasik, B. D.-L. (2008, April 03). A systematic review on the Rosa canina effect and efficacy profiles. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2400
- Wayne K Stadelmann, M. A. (1998, August). Physiology and healing dynamics of chronic cutaneous wounds. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(98)00183-4
- Gerd G. Gauglitz, H. C. (2010, october 5). Hypertrophic Scarring and Keloids: Pathomechanisms and Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies. doi:https://doi.org/10.2119/molmed.2009.00153
- Özcan, M. ( 2004, Jul 7). doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/10966200260398161
- Joyce Silva dos Santos, A. B. ( 2009 , Jun). A Rosa Mosqueta no tratamento de feridas abertas: uma revisão. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672009000300020
- Daniel Franco, M. P. (2007, December ). Processing of Rosa rubiginosa: Extraction of oil and antioxidant substances. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.012
- Rong Kong PhD, Y. C. ( 2015, November 18). A comparative study of the effects of retinol and retinoic acid on histological, molecular, and clinical properties of human skin. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12193
- Cosima Chrubasik, B. D.-L. ( 2008, April 03). A systematic review on the Rosa canina effect and efficacy profiles. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2400
- FikretDemira, M. (2000, December 6). Chemical and technological properties of rose (Rosa canina L.) fruits grown wild in Turkey. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(00)00129-1
- Ilyasoğlu, H. (2014, Mar 21). doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2013.777075
- Cosima Chrubasik, B. D.-L. (2008, April 03). doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2400
- Cosima Chrubasik, B. D.-L. (2008, April 03). doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2400
- Mariola Dąbrowska, E. M. ( 2019, May 23). Rose Hip Seed Oil: Methods of Extraction and Chemical Composition. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201800440
- Prasanta Baishya, M. M. ( 2017, July). Natural Polymer‐Based Nanocomposites: A Greener Approach for the Future. doi:DOI:10.1002/9781119441632.ch139
- Prakash C. Sharma, M. K. (2018). Nutraceutical and Medicinal Importance of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae sp.). Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/hippophae
- Mustafa Kiralan, G. Y. ( 2019, May 09). Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-12473-1_43
- RahmanQadirFarooqAnwar. ( 2020., July 24). Cold Pressed Oils. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818188-1.00028-1
- J. Concha, C. S. ( 2006, September). Effect of rosehip extraction process on oil and defatted meal physicochemical properties. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11746-006-5013-2
- Wilbur Johnson, W. F.-9. (2022, May 7). doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818221080088
- Silviya Georgieva, G. A. ( 2014, July 04 ). CONCENTRATION OF VITAMIN C. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285984054_Concentration_of_vitamin_C_and_antioxidant_activity_of_rosehip_extracts
- Kamada, J. S. (2009, june). A Rosa Mosqueta no tratamento de feridas abertas: uma revisão. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672009000300020
- Adele Sparavigna, B. T. (2009). Clinical and instrumental evaluation. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adele-Sparavigna/publication/258027466_Clinical_and_instumental_evaluation_of_the_activity_of_a_combined_cosmetic_treatment_applied_to_stretchmarks/links/00b49526a43307fc50000000/Clinical-and-instumental-evaluation-of-
- Pedro Valerón-Almazán1, A. J.-D.-M.-B. ( 2015, June 29). Evolution of Post-Surgical Scars Treated with Pure Rosehip Seed Oil. Retrieved from https://www.scirp.org/html/13-1050307_57497.htm#ref9
- L Phetcharat, K. W. (2022, Oct 19). The effectiveness of a standardized rose hip powder, containing seeds and shells of Rosa canina, on cell longevity, skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2147/CIA.S90092
- FotirićAkšićgJesusSimal-Gandara, J.-D.-T. C. ( 2022., November 23 ). Fatty acids in seed oil of wild and cultivated rosehip (Rosa canina L.) from different locations in Serbia. doi:doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115797
- Tzu-Kai Lin 1, L. Z. ( 2017, December 27). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. doi:doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010070
- J. Sato, M. D. ( 1998, November). Loss of water from the stratum corneum induces epidermal DNA synthesis in hairless mice. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s004030050364
- Adele Sparavigna, B. T. (n.d.). Clinical and instrumental evaluation. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adele-Sparavigna/publication/258027466_Clinical_and_instumental_evaluation_of_the_activity_of_a_combined_cosmetic_treatment_applied_to_stretchmarks/links/00b49526a43307fc50000000/Clinical-and-instumental-evaluation-of-
- Adele Sparavigna, B. T. (2009, january). Journal of Plastic Dermatology 2009; 5, 113IntroductionTopical treatment of stre t c h m a r k s(striae cutis atrophicae et distensae) is hardly suc-cessful especially for old lesions, which can beconsidered as scars following distension andrupture. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258027466_Clinical_and_instumental_evaluation_of_the_activity_of_a_
- J.Voorhees1, G. J. (1995, July ). All-Trans Retinoic Acid Induces Cellular Retinol-Binding Protein in Human Skin In Vivo. doi:doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12313352
- Gary J. Fisher, S. C.-Q. ( 1996, January 25 ). Molecular basis of sun-induced premature skin ageing and retinoid antagonism. doi:doi.org/10.1038/379335a0
- Gary J. Fisher, S. C.-Q. (1996, January 25). Molecular basis of sun-induced premature skin ageing and retinoid antagonism. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/379335a0
- E.A. López, J. P. ( 2013, January). Scientific evidence on the use of rose hip oil pregnancy. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286129872_Scientific_evidence_on_the_use_of_rose_hip_oil_pregnancy
- Carol Courderot-Masuyer1*, S. R. (n.d.). Evaluation of a Preventive Effect of a Lotion on the Formation of Stretch Marks. Quantification of Contractile Forces Developed by Fibroblasts from Early Stretch Marks (Red Color) and from Healthy Surrounding Skin Using GlasBoxPlus Device. doi:10.4236/jcdsa.2017.72016
I have been suffering from Herpes for the past 3 years and 8 months, and ever since then i have been taking series of treatment but there was no improvement until i came across testimonies of Dr.Ahonsie on how he has been curing different people from different diseases all over the world, then i contacted him as well. After our conversation he sent me the medicine which I took according to his instructions. When I was done taking the herbal medicine I went for a medical checkup and to my greatest surprise I was cured from Herpes. My heart is so filled with joy. If you are suffering from Herpes or any other disease you can contact Dr.Ahonsie today on this Email address: drahonsie002@gmail.com or WhatsApp him on this Tel.Number +2348039482367 https://drahonsie002.wixsite.com/dr-ahonsie
I have been suffering from Herpes for the past 3 years and 8 months, and ever since then i have been taking series of treatment but there was no improvement until i came across testimonies of Dr.Ahonsie on how he has been curing different people from different diseases all over the world, then i contacted him as well. After our conversation he sent me the medicine which I took according to his instructions. When I was done taking the herbal medicine I went for a medical checkup and to my greatest surprise I was cured from Herpes. My heart is so filled with joy. If you are suffering from Herpes or any other disease you can contact Dr.Ahonsie today on this Email address: drahonsie002@gmail.com or WhatsApp him on this Tel.Number +2348039482367 https://drahonsie002.wixsite.com/dr-ahonsie
I’m very excited to inform everyone that I’m completely cured from HSV1&2 recently. I have used Oregano oil, Coconut oil, Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir, and some other products and it’s really help during my outbreaks but I totally got cured from HSV1&2 with a strong and active herbal medicine ordered from a powerful herbalist called Dr. Riaria and it completely fought the virus away my nervous system and I tested negative after 14 days of using the herbal medicine. I’m here to let everyone know that the herpes virus has a complete cure, I got rid of it with the help of Dr. Riaria and his herbal medicine. Contact him via email: drriaria@gmail.com or WhatsApp him at +2347010627760.
You can also check his website for more info: https://drriaria.wixsite.com/website
I’m very excited to inform everyone that I’m completely cured from HSV1&2 recently. I have used Oregano oil, Coconut oil, Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir, and some other products and it’s really help during my outbreaks but I totally got cured from HSV1&2 with a strong and active herbal medicine ordered from a powerful herbalist called Dr. Riaria and it completely fought the virus away my nervous system and I tested negative after 14 days of using the herbal medicine. I’m here to let everyone know that the herpes virus has a complete cure, I got rid of it with the help of Dr. Riaria and his herbal medicine. Contact him via email: drriaria@gmail.com or WhatsApp him at +2347010627760.
You can also check his website for more info: https://drriaria.wixsite.com/website
I have been suffering from Herpes for the past 3 years and 8 months, and ever since then i have been taking series of treatment but there was no improvement until i came across testimonies of Dr.Ahonsie on how he has been curing different people from different diseases all over the world, then i contacted him as well. After our conversation he sent me the medicine which I took according to his instructions. When I was done taking the herbal medicine I went for a medical checkup and to my greatest surprise I was cured from Herpes. My heart is so filled with joy. If you are suffering from Herpes or any other disease you can contact Dr.Ahonsie today on this Email address: drahonsie002@gmail.com or WhatsApp him on this Tel.Number +2348039482367 https://drahonsie002.wixsite.com/dr-ahonsie
This is my testimony about the marvelous work Dr Osaka did for me. My husband abandon me and the kids and he went to stay with another woman who he just met. And the woman did spell on him so that he will never have nothing to do with me and my kids for that, my self and the kids has been suffering and it has been hell of a struggle, but I decide to do all means to make sure that my family come together as it use to, then I went online there I saw so many good talk about this spell caster called Dr Osaka So I had to contact him and explain my problem to him and in just 48hours as Dr Osaka has promised, my husband came home and his behavior was back to the man i got married to. I can’t thank the spell caster enough for what he did for me, i am so grateful and i will never stop to publish his name on the internet for the good work he has done for me, once again thanks Dr Osaka
email: ( drosakalovespelltemple217@gmail.com ) .. You can contact him on WhatsApp +2349024827182
This is my testimony about the marvelous work Dr Osaka did for me. My husband abandon me and the kids and he went to stay with another woman who he just met. And the woman did spell on him so that he will never have nothing to do with me and my kids for that, my self and the kids has been suffering and it has been hell of a struggle, but I decide to do all means to make sure that my family come together as it use to, then I went online there I saw so many good talk about this spell caster called Dr Osaka So I had to contact him and explain my problem to him and in just 48hours as Dr Osaka has promised, my husband came home and his behavior was back to the man i got married to. I can’t thank the spell caster enough for what he did for me, i am so grateful and i will never stop to publish his name on the internet for the good work he has done for me, once again thanks Dr Osaka
email: ( drosakalovespelltemple217@gmail.com ) .. You can contact him on WhatsApp +2349024827182
I have been suffering from Herpes for the past 3 years and 8 months, and ever since then i have been taking series of treatment but there was no improvement until i came across testimonies of Dr.Ahonsie on how he has been curing different people from different diseases all over the world, then i contacted him as well. After our conversation he sent me the medicine which I took according to his instructions. When I was done taking the herbal medicine I went for a medical checkup and to my greatest surprise I was cured from Herpes. My heart is so filled with joy. If you are suffering from Herpes or any other disease you can contact Dr.Ahonsie today on this Email address: drahonsie002@gmail.com or WhatsApp him on this Tel.Number +2348039482367 https://drahonsie002.wixsite.com/dr-ahonsie
I am Esther from UK, i want to share a testimony on how a powerful spell caster cured my HERPES disease, i was diagnosed of this disease, in the year 2009, last week i saw a testimony on Dr ahonsie how he cured my HERPES patient, so i contacted him through phone call and he asked me to email him, which idid, so he told me that all my problems is over and then he decided to do an healing spell spell for me so after he finished it, he told me to wait for just 24 hours and then i should go for a test, so i really did as he had said, so my greatest surprised when i went to the hospital to go for an HERPES test, the Medical doctor diagnosed that, i am now HERPES negetative at first i was amazed and now i have come to realise that this spell caster DR AHONSIE is a very powerful one and a real spell caster. So viewers of this should please join me in my celebration for i am the happiest man on earth today and if you want to contact him, you can do this via his email drahonsie002@gmail.com or whatsapp him +2348039482367 https://drahonsie002.wixsite.com/dr-ahonsie
Expert Ethical Hacking and Crypto Recovery Services.
Hey there! I understand the frustration of losing cryptocurrency. Lose it to individuals you have given your time, trust, and personal information to. It’s a tough situation; I have lost hundreds of thousands of USD, and I fear what these impostors would do with my details. It was months of fear and trauma for me before coming in contact with CyberGenie HackPro. Are you currently experiencing this? Are your details, images, and videos in the wrong hands, are you being blackmailed by scammers after stealing from you? Please don’t worry; legitimate gray hat hackers and crypto asset recovery companies can help you, but finding the right one is a big deal. One option that is highly recommended is CyberGenie HackPro. They are a team of professional private investigators and also have a team of experts who specialize in recovering lost crypto and have a recorded success rate over the years. They’ll guide you through the process and help you recover your funds. Their success rate is impressive, and they have helped numerous individuals and businesses retrieve their funds via various means lost to scammers running from BEC Fraud and pig butchering fraud. I had to hire CyberGenie HackPro after being tricked by a team of crypto miners who later hijacked my crypto asset account, after my plea to them to assist me, they didn’t fail me, and I am thrilled by the outcome. Every penny and time invested while working with CyberGenie HackPro was worth it. I recovered my lost crypto asset funds, and all my details and documents sent to this fake platform were erased from the scammer’s system. Remember, it’s essential to choose a legitimate company with a proven track record and positive reviews, CyberGenie HackPro is the DEAL. If you want full internet protection, find CyberGenie HackPro via:
CyberGenie (@) Cyberservices (.) Com
Telegram-CyberGenieHackPro
-W/A +1.2.5.2.2.7.1.8.9.0.0
Stay Safe out there…
Expert Ethical Hacking and Crypto Recovery Services.
Hey there! I understand the frustration of losing cryptocurrency. Lose it to individuals you have given your time, trust, and personal information to. It’s a tough situation; I have lost hundreds of thousands of USD, and I fear what these impostors would do with my details. It was months of fear and trauma for me before coming in contact with CyberGenie HackPro. Are you currently experiencing this? Are your details, images, and videos in the wrong hands, are you being blackmailed by scammers after stealing from you? Please don’t worry; legitimate gray hat hackers and crypto asset recovery companies can help you, but finding the right one is a big deal. One option that is highly recommended is CyberGenie HackPro. They are a team of professional private investigators and also have a team of experts who specialize in recovering lost crypto and have a recorded success rate over the years. They’ll guide you through the process and help you recover your funds. Their success rate is impressive, and they have helped numerous individuals and businesses retrieve their funds via various means lost to scammers running from BEC Fraud and pig butchering fraud. I had to hire CyberGenie HackPro after being tricked by a team of crypto miners who later hijacked my crypto asset account, after my plea to them to assist me, they didn’t fail me, and I am thrilled by the outcome. Every penny and time invested while working with CyberGenie HackPro was worth it. I recovered my lost crypto asset funds, and all my details and documents sent to this fake platform were erased from the scammer’s system. Remember, it’s essential to choose a legitimate company with a proven track record and positive reviews, CyberGenie HackPro is the DEAL. If you want full internet protection, find CyberGenie HackPro via:
CyberGenie (@) Cyberservices (.) Com
Telegram-CyberGenieHackPro
-W/A +1.2.5.2.2.7.1.8.9.0.0
Stay Safe out there…
I am Lautais from UK, i want to share a testimony on how a powerful spell caster cured my HERPES disease, i was diagnosed of this disease, in the year 2009, last week i saw a testimony on Dr ahonsie how he cured my HERPES patient, so i contacted him through phone call and he asked me to email him, which idid, so he told me that all my problems is over and then he decided to do an healing spell spell for me so after he finished it, he told me to wait for just 24 hours and then i should go for a test, so i really did as he had said, so my greatest surprised when i went to the hospital to go for an HERPES test, the Medical doctor diagnosed that, i am now HERPES negetative at first i was amazed and now i have come to realise that this spell caster DR AHONSIE is a very powerful one and a real spell caster. So viewers of this should please join me in my celebration for i am the happiest man on earth today and if you want to contact him, you can do this via his email drahonsie002@gmail.com or whatsapp him +2348039482367
I’m very excited to inform everyone that I’m completely cured from HSV1&2 recently. I have used Oregano oil, Coconut oil, Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir, and some other products and it’s really help during my outbreaks but I totally got cured from HSV1&2 with a strong and active herbal medicine ordered from a powerful herbalist called Dr. Riaria and it completely fought the virus away my nervous system and I tested negative after 14 days of using the herbal medicine. I’m here to let everyone know that the herpes virus has a complete cure, I got rid of it with the help of Dr. Riaria and his herbal medicine. Contact him via email: drriaria@gmail.com or WhatsApp him at +2347010627760.
You can also check his website for more info: https://drriaria.wixsite.com/website
Here is my testimony on how to get cured from HSV1&2. I got diagnose of HSV-2 and I have been taking pills to prevent an outbreak. I never stop searching for a cure because I strongly believe that there is something somewhere that can get rid of it completely and in February this year, I ran through some comments on a blog about Dr Osato herbal cure and a lot of people commented about him having the herbs that can get rid of herpes completely. I was excited and I contacted Dr Osato and ordered the cure for myself and he sent it to me through UPS and gave me instructions on how to take it which I rightly followed and behold I went for checkup after two weeks of taking the herbs and my result shows NEGATIVE. My doctor confirmed with me that I am totally clear from HSV-2. You can as well contact Dr Osato to get the herbal cure from him. His email is osatoherbalcure@gmail.com or WhatsApp him on +2347051705853.. His website is https://osatoherbalcure.wordpress.com
God bless Dr. Riaria for his marvelous work in my life, I was diagnosed of HERPES since 2016 and I was taking my medications, I wasn’t satisfied i needed to get the HERPES out of my system, I searched about some possible cure for HERPES, i saw a comment about Dr. Riaria, how he cured HERPES with his herbal medicine, I contacted him and he guided me, I asked for solutions, he started the remedy for my health, he sent me the medicine, I took the medicine as prescribed by him and 14 days later I was cured from HERPES, you can reach him through his Email: drriaria@gmail.com or WhatsApp him on: +234 701-062-7760
You can visit his website for more info: https://drriaria.wixsite.com/website
Hello, my name is Carrie Kilman from Birmingham, UK. Last month, my fiancé broke up with me, leaving me devastated. I spent weeks agonizing, crying, and feeling guilty, sinking into the lowest point of my life. I was so overwhelmed by stress and depression that I feared for my health. Desperate for a solution, I searched online and discovered a powerful spell caster named Dr. Peter, known for solving relationship problems. After reaching out to him and explaining my situation, he assured me that my fiancé would return within 24 hours. To my amazement, my fiancé called, apologized, and wanted us to be together again. Thanks to Dr. Peter, we’re now happily reunited. If you need help, contact Dr. Peter at drpeterspellcaster21@gmail.com or WhatsApp +1 (646) 494-4360.
Hello, my name is Carrie Kilman from Birmingham, UK. Last month, my fiancé broke up with me, leaving me devastated. I spent weeks agonizing, crying, and feeling guilty, sinking into the lowest point of my life. I was so overwhelmed by stress and depression that I feared for my health. Desperate for a solution, I searched online and discovered a powerful spell caster named Dr. Peter, known for solving relationship problems. After reaching out to him and explaining my situation, he assured me that my fiancé would return within 24 hours. To my amazement, my fiancé called, apologized, and wanted us to be together again. Thanks to Dr. Peter, we’re now happily reunited. If you need help, contact Dr. Peter at drpeterspellcaster21@gmail.com or WhatsApp +1 (646) 494-4360.
I never believed in herbal
medicine until I met a friend of mine
who was also cured with herbal
medicine, I decided to give it a try by
contacting and ordering herbs from
Dr Osi and behold within
7-14 days of usage I was cured from
my HSV 2 AND I thank you so much
Dr Osi He also cured the
following illness.. 1) diabetes 2)
hepatitis 3) Asthma 4) Epilepsy 5)
ringing 6) pregnancy herbs 7) fibroids
8) arthritis 9) cancer 10) gout 11)
kidney stone
12) Parkinson disease. You can also contact him via email: drosi65755@gmail.com or WhatsApp him on +2347042143243.
I have been suffering from Herpes for the past 3 years and 8 months, and ever since then, i have been taking a series of treatments. Still, there was no improvement until i came across testimonies of Dr. Osi organic herbal products on how he has been curing different people from different diseases all over the world. Then I contacted him as well. After our conversation, he sent me the medicine and I took according to his instructions. When I was done taking the herbal medicine I went for a medical checkup and to my greatest surprise I was cured of Herpes. My heart is so filled with joy. If you are suffering from Herpes or any other disease you can contact Dr. Osi today via his Email at drosi65755@gmail.com and on WhatsApp: +2347042143243 I sincerely recommend the use of herbal supplements because awareness is best tools to achieve results in life.
Dr Osi is all over the world curing people from different types of disease and infections I was a patient of HSV2 since over 2years when a friend of mine directed me to Dr Osi so I contact him and he send me the medications now am cured totally thank you very much Dr Osi you can contact him via email: drosi65755@gmail.com or WhatsApp him on +2347042143243 if you are diagnosed 1 Ibs/IBD 2 Fibromyalgia 3 Crohn’s disease 4 Celiac 5 Lymphedema 6 Epilepsy/seizures 7 Adrenal fatigue syndrome 8 Stroke 9 Thyroid/hypothyroidism 10 herpes 11 get your ex back